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The Nobel Prize is a set of international prizes established under the will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish chemist and inventor of dynamite, who signed it in 1895 and directed that the bulk of his fortune fund annual prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, with economics added in 1968 by Sweden's central bank in Nobel's memory. The first prizes were awarded in 1901. Recorded here as one institution, the Nobel Foundation and the prize system it administers, though the six categories are judged by different bodies: the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for physics, chemistry and economics, the Karolinska Institute for physiology or medicine, the Swedish Academy for literature, and a separate Norwegian Nobel Committee, seated in Oslo rather than Stockholm, for peace. This atlas considered and declined to mint a dedicated award type for it: one entity does not yet justify a new type when the facts that would need one, which body judges which category, are already told cleanly in this prose; the question is worth revisiting if a second real candidate, a Fields Medal or a Turing Award, is ever added needing the same shape.
Facts
Founded YearSourced to the subject's own accountNobel signed the founding will in 1895; the Foundation was established and the first prizes were awarded in 1901, five years after his death, once the will's executors had resolved contests from his family and set up the administering bodies. FounderSourced to the subject's own account SeatSourced to the subject's own accountStockholm, Sweden, except the Peace Prize, which is administered from Oslo, Norway 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Tsung-Dao Lee, for their investigation of the parity laws leading to the discovery of parity violation.
1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, for his research into the decision-making process within economic organizations (bounded rationality).
1969 Nobel Prize in Physics, for contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
Peyton Rous, Scientists 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for the 1910 discovery of a virus that causes cancer in chickens; the fifty-six-year gap is the longest between a discovery and its Nobel recognition on record.
1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Chen-Ning Yang, for their investigation of the parity laws leading to the discovery of parity violation.
1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, shared with John Howard Northrop and James B. Sumner, for crystallizing tobacco mosaic virus.
Founded By
Sources
1. Nobel Prize (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHistory sectionQuote, History section
On 27 November 1895, at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Nobel signed his last will and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality.
Influential Theoretical Physicist and Nobel Laureate Chen-Ning Yang Dies Aged 103 (Physics World)
Michael Banks, Physics World, 2025Associated With: Chen-Ning YangView the Source Tsung-Dao Lee (1926-2024), Nobel-Winning Physicist (Legacy.com)
Linnea Crowther, Legacy.com, 2024Associated With: Tsung-Dao LeeView the Source Wendell M. Stanley, Nobel Prize (Rockefeller University)
Peyton Rous, Nobel Prize (Rockefeller University)
Particle Pioneer Murray Gell-Mann, Who Coined the Term Quarks, Dies at 89 (Physics World)
Michael Banks, Physics World, 2019Associated With: Murray Gell-MannView the Source Cognitive Science (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyAssociated With: Herbert SimonView the Source Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)
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