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Medicine
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Medicine is the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and injury, and of maintaining health. It has deep independent roots, from Egyptian and Greek physicians through Islamic Golden Age hospitals and Chinese and Indian medical traditions, and its modern form rests on evidence gathered through controlled clinical trials rather than on authority alone.
Facts
Central QuestionSourced to the subject's own accountHow can the cellular and molecular knowledge that basic science provides be reliably translated into treatments proven, rather than merely believed, to help patients? 1 ScopeSourced to the subject's own accountMedicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, covering the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment and palliation of injury and disease. 1 SignificanceSourced to the subject's own accountMedicine's core ethical principle, first, do no harm, is traditionally traced to the Hippocratic Oath. The field's transformation from an art bound up with religious and humoral theory into an evidence based science combining basic and applied research is still incomplete: a 2007 survey of literature reviews found that about 49 percent of medical interventions lacked sufficient evidence to establish either benefit or harm. 1 Disputed
Founded YearSourced to the subject's own accountAndreas Vesalius's De humani corporis fabrica (1543), based on direct human dissection rather than inherited authority, is commonly cited as founding anatomically grounded scientific medicine; medicine as a practice is far older, reaching back through Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine and Hippocratic writings to antiquity. Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
The Curie Institute is a research center into radioactivity and its applications in medicine.
Tu Youyou, Scientists Her chemistry produced a clinical drug; MedicineAtlas holds the same person as tu-youyou (medicine/tu-youyou), a genuine dual-facet figure per cross-atlas proposal 143.
Encompasses
Founded By
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Studies
Sources
1. Medicine (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead sectionQuote, Lead section
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment and palliation of their injury or disease, while promoting their health.
1. Medicine (Wikipedia)
Edward Jenner (Britannica)
John Snow (Britannica)
Oswald Schmiedeberg (Britannica)
China's First Science Nobel Prize Exposes Anxiety on Research (Chemistry World)
Chemistry WorldAssociated With: Tu Youyou
Harvey J. Alter (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Harvey J. Alter, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Harvey J. Alter, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2020 along with Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice.
Michael Houghton (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Michael Houghton, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Michael Houghton, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
He was the co-recipient of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice.
Charles M. Rice (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Charles M. Rice, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Charles M. Rice, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Along with Michael Houghton and Harvey J. Alter, he was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus."
William G. Kaelin Jr. (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: William G. Kaelin Jr., Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: William G. Kaelin Jr., Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2019 he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in with Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.
Peter J. Ratcliffe (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Peter J. Ratcliffe, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Peter J. Ratcliffe, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William Kaelin Jr. and Gregg L. Semenza.
Gregg L. Semenza (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Gregg L. Semenza, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Gregg L. Semenza, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" with William Kaelin Jr. and Peter J. Ratcliffe.
James P. Allison (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: James P. Allison, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: James P. Allison, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2018, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Tasuku Honjo.
Tasuku Honjo (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Tasuku Honjo, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Tasuku Honjo, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2018, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with American immunologist James P. Allison.
Jeffrey C. Hall (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Jeffrey C. Hall, Lead section, 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Jeffrey C. Hall, Lead section, 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2017, along with Michael W. Young and Michael Rosbash, he was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
Michael Rosbash (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Michael Rosbash, Lead section, 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Michael Rosbash, Lead section, 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Along with Michael W. Young and Jeffrey C. Hall, he was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
Michael W. Young (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Michael W. Young, Lead section, 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Michael W. Young, Lead section, 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
He was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Jeffrey C. Hall and Michael Rosbash "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
Yoshinori Ohsumi (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Yoshinori Ohsumi, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Yoshinori Ohsumi, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy".
William C. Campbell (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: William C. Campbell, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: William C. Campbell, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2015, he and Satoshi Omura shared half of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research on therapies against infections caused by roundworm parasites, using derivatives of avermectin.
Satoshi Omura (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Satoshi Omura, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Satoshi Omura, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2015 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Tu Youyou and with William C. Campbell
John O'Keefe (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: John O'Keefe, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: John O'Keefe, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014, together with May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser
May-Britt Moser (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: May-Britt Moser, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: May-Britt Moser, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
She and her former husband, Edvard Moser, shared half of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edvard Moser (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Edvard Moser, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Edvard Moser, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 with long-term collaborator and then-wife May-Britt Moser, and previous mentor John O'Keefe
Victor Ambros (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Victor Ambros, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Victor Ambros, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2024 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with Gary Ruvkun "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation".
Gary Ruvkun (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Gary Ruvkun, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Gary Ruvkun, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Ruvkun was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Katalin Kariko (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Katalin Kariko, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Katalin Kariko, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Karikó received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for her work, along with American immunologist Drew Weissman.
Drew Weissman (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Drew Weissman, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Drew Weissman, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
With biochemist Katalin Karikó, Weissman received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19".
Svante Paabo (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Svante Paabo, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Svante Paabo, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2022, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution".
David Julius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: David Julius, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: David Julius, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2021, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
Ardem Patapoutian (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Ardem Patapoutian, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineQuote, Has Scientist: Ardem Patapoutian, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
In 2021, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with David Julius.
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